Sovereign Spanish Magistral Order of the Knights Templar
Juan Bautista
For other uses, see John the Baptist (disambiguation) and St. John the Baptist (disambiguation). John the Baptist Anton Raphael Mengs - St. John the Baptist Preaching in the Wilderness - Google Art Project.jpg John the Baptist Preaching in the Desert, by Anton Raphael Mengs, 1760. Museum of Fine Arts of Houston.
Prophet and martyr Nickname "The Forerunner of Christ" Birth Late 1st century BC1 Ein Karem (Palestine) and Kingdom of Herod Parents Zechariah and Elizabeth Death 31 – 36 AD2345 Machaerus (Jordan) Venerated in Catholic Church Orthodox Church Anglicanism Lutheranism Baha'i Islam Mandaeism Canonization Immemorial cult Feast day June 24 (Nativity of Saint John) August 29 (Martyrdom of Saint John) Patronage Jordan Puerto Rico Malta Newfoundland Quebec Peruvian Amazon and other regions John the Baptist (in Greek Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής, Ioannēs ho baptistēs o Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων, Ioannēs ho baptizōn;6789 known as the prophet Yahya in the Quran),10 or simply the Baptist or Saint John, was a Jewish itinerant preacher11 contemporary of Jesus of Nazareth, born at the end of the 1st century BC.1 He is venerated as an important religious figure12 in Christianity, Islam and the Bahá'í Faith.13
He is considered a prophet by all these confessions and various branches of Christianity have proclaimed him a saint. He is considered a very important character in Mandeism, but not its founder.14 John used baptism as the central sacrament of his Messianic movement.15 Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus.16 17
Some scholars believe that Jesus was a disciple of John 18 19 20 and several gospels tell that some of Jesus’ followers had previously been disciples of John.21 John the Baptist was also mentioned by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus.22 Some experts maintain that John was influenced23 by the Essenes, a sect with some ascetic characteristics that awaited an apocalypse and practiced rituals very much related to baptism24 although there is no evidence to support this hypothesis.
Christians speak of John as if he were the forerunner of Jesus,27 for having announced his coming. John also has elements in common with the prophet Elijah.28 29 jUAN and jESUS - (MURILLO)
Narratives in the Bible Birth of St. John the Baptist (Artemisia Gentileschi), painting from 1635 John the Baptist is mentioned in the four canonical gospels and in the non-canonical gospel of the Nazarenes. The synoptic gospels (of Mark, Matthew, and Luke) describe the baptism of Jesus. In the Gospel of John there is a tacit mention of the fact (John 1:32-34).
- In the Gospel of Mark The Gospel of Mark presents John the fulfiller of a prophecy of Isaiah (which, in reality, is a compilation of phrases from the Second Isaiah, the Book of Malachi, and the Book of Exodus).30 This prophecy spoke of a messenger who went ahead and a voice crying out in the wilderness. He says that John wore a cloak made of camel hair and that he fed on grasshoppers and wild honey. John proclaimed the baptism of the repentant for the forgiveness of sins.
- According to Mark, John said that another would come after him who would not baptize with water, but with the Holy Spirit. Jesus came to John and was baptized by him in the Jordan River. According to Mark, the event occurred like this: In those days, Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan. And when he came out of the water, he saw that the heavens were opening and that the Holy Spirit came down upon him like a dove; and a voice from heaven said, “You are my dear son, my favorite.” Mark 1:9-11 Later, John's death is narrated. The tetrarch Herod Antipas, hearing stories of Jesus, thinks that John the Baptist has risen from the dead.
Later, Mark explains that John condemned Herod Antipas for marrying Herodias, his brother’s ex-wife (whom he calls Philip). Herodias asked for his execution, but Herod Antipas entertained himself by listening to his stories and was reluctant to do so because he feared him, for he was a “right and holy” man.
The story later narrates that Herodias’ daughter danced before Antipas, which pleased her so much that she offered her to choose anything as a prize. The daughter asked her mother, who told her to ask for the head of John the Baptist. Although reluctant, Antipas ordered John's beheading, and his head was given to the girl on a plate. John’s disciples took the body and buried it in a tomb (Mark 6:17-29). Head of St. John the Baptist. José de Ribera. 1644. Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. Madrid.
This passage presents several problems. The Gospel of Mark mistakenly identifies Herod Antipas as a “king,”31 when he was a tetrarch, and calls Philip the ex-husband of Herodias when it is known to be called Herod Boethus (also known as Herod the Younger).32 In addition, other texts speak of “the daughter of Herod, Herodias.” Many scholars believe that the latter is the right thing to do and that it was corrected in later versions of the text of Mark and the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.32 33 34 Flavian Josephus says that Herod had a daughter named Salome.
Academics have speculated about the origin of this story. It shows signs of having been composed in Aramaic, which was a language that Mark apparently did not speak, so it may have been taken from some Palestinian source.35 There are various opinions on the amount of historical material it contains.36 Many scholars have considered that the history of John’s arrest, execution and burial may have been drawn up to relate it to the fate of Jesus.37
- In the Gospel of Matthew The Gospel account of Matthew contains the prophecy of Isaiah,38 and the information of the Book of Malachi and the Book of Exodus is mentioned by Jesus himself later.39 John’s description is taken directly from the Gospel of Mark: “a mantle made of camel hair, a leather belt on his waist, and fed on grasshoppers and wild honey,” along with the announcement that the one who would come later
- Unlike Mark, Matthew describes John as critical of the Pharisees and Sadducees and appears preaching that “the kingdom of heaven is approaching” and a “coming judgment.” Matthew abbreviates the story of John’s beheading and adds two elements: that Herod Antipas wanted to see John dead and that Jesus was informed of this fact by his disciples.40 Matthew does not focus on Herod Antipas, but on John as the forerunner of Jesus. Although Mark speaks of Herod Antipas killing John reluctantly and at the insistence of Herodias, Matthew says that Herod Antipas wanted to see John dead.41 In his gospel, Jesus says: “Truly I say to you, Among those who are born of woman has not risen a greater than John the Baptist; but the smallest in the kingdom of heaven is greater than him” Matthew 11:11
- In the Gospel of Luke and in the Acts of the Apostles John and Jesus of children in a picture of Murillo. According to Luke, their mothers were relatives. The Gospel of Luke narrates the miraculous conception of Elizabeth, who was barren (Luke 1:7-9), wife of Zechariah, both elders and childless. Perhaps this gospel defines Elizabeth as barren for having already passed the menopause.42 43 According to Luke’s account, the angel Gabriel anticipated the birth of John to Zechariah while he was practicing as a priest in the Temple of Jerusalem.
Zechariah is described as a priest of the house of Abijah and Elizabeth is described as a descendant of Aaron (Luke 1:5). This implies that both spouses were descendants of Aaron.44 Catholics, Anglicans, and Lutherans celebrate the nativity of John the Baptist on June 24, six months before Christmas.45 In the time of Herod, king of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah, of the priestly class of Abijah. His wife, named Elizabeth, was a descendant of Aaron.
Both were righteous in the eyes of God and followed in irreproachable form all the commandments and precepts of the Lord. But they had no children, because Elizabeth was barren; and the two were elderly. One day when his class was on duty and Zechariah exercised the priestly function before God, he was lucky, according to liturgical custom, to enter the sanctuary of the Lord to burn the incense.
The whole assembly of the people remained outside, in prayer, while the incense was being offered. Then the angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing, to the right hand of the altar of incense. When he saw him, Zechariah was puzzled and afraid. But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah; your supplication has been heard. Isabel, your wife, will give you a son whom you will call John.
- He will be to you a cause of joy and joy, and many will rejoice in his birth, for it will be great in the eyes of the Lord. He shall not drink wine or alcoholic drink; he shall be filled with the Holy Spirit from his mother's womb, and shall bring many Israelites back to the Lord their God.
He will precede the Lord with the spirit and power of Elijah, to reconcile the fathers with their children and to draw the rebels to the wisdom of the righteous, thus preparing the Lord a well-disposed people. But Zechariah said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? Because I am an old man and my wife is elderly.” The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who is before God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to announce this good news to you. You will remain dumb, unable to speak until the day when these things happen, because I have not believed in my words, which will be fulfilled in due time. Luke 1:5-20 Zechariah remained mute until the day of circumcision, when he regained speech after writing in a table “His name is John.”
Luke says that Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Elizabeth, were relatives. However, no family relationship between John and Jesus is mentioned in the other gospels and Raymond Edward Brown defines it as of “dubious historicity.”46 Geza Vermes has said that it is “certainly an artificial creation of Luke.”47 The similarities with the story of Samuel’s birth in the Old Testament suggest that Luke might have taken the story of the annunciation of Jesus and that of John from the story of Samuel.48 According to Luke, John began to preach and to be baptized C.) of the foundation of Rome.
Luke was able to count the years following the Syrian calendar that begins the year on October 1, or the Roman calendar that begins in March, so it is not known if he took into account the first year of the succession. Thus, the approximate date of the beginning of the Baptist’s activity would be around the year 28 of the common era.
Luke’s is the only gospel where John explicitly teaches charity, baptizes tax collectors, and gives advice to soldiers. The text briefly mentions that John was arrested and that he was subsequently beheaded by Herod, but omits the story of the stepdaughter’s request. In the book of Acts of the Apostles, which was surely written by Luke, it is said that some of John’s disciples became disciples of Jesus (Acts 18:24 and Acts 19:6), something that the gospels do not mention with the exception of Andrew, brother of Peter (John 1:35-42).
In the Gospel of John John the Evangelist describes John the Baptist as “a man sent by God” who “was not the light” but who “came as a witness to bear witness to the light, so that through him everyone would believe” (John 1:6-8). John the Baptist clearly denied being the Christ, Elijah or “the prophet,” and instead defined himself as “the voice crying out in the wilderness.”49 After literal analysis, it is evident that John is the “witness and confessor par excellence,” especially if he compares himself to figures like Nicodemus’s.50 Jesus’ baptism is implied, but it is not narrated. It is narrated that it was seen “the spirit to come down from heaven like a dove and rest on it.” John the Baptist explicitly announces that Jesus is the only one who “baptizes in the Holy Spirit,” who is the “Son of God” and “the Lamb of God.”
The Gospel of John reports that Jesus’ disciples were baptized and that there was a debate between some disciples of John and other Jews about purification (John 3:22-36). In this debate John the Baptist argued that Jesus “must grow” in importance while he should “decrease” (John 3:30) in relevance. This gospel says that the disciples of Jesus later baptized more people than John’s disciples. Subsequently, the gospel says that Jesus saw John as “a lighted and bright lamp,” and that “they were destined to rejoice for a time in that light” (John 5:35).
